Wednesday, April 11, 2007

Politics: Diplomacy: BBC reports on agenda of China/Japan negotiations

BBC reports "Japan and China aim to thaw ties" (Apr11,1k7) in the visit of China's prime minister, Wen Jiabao, to Tokyo. Already there's news that "The two men issued a joint statement promising to look frankly at their historical disputes, and signed accords on energy and the environment." Further issues, including the history agenda, are:

*History: Japan's neighbours often think it has not done enough to atone for wartime atrocities
*Trade: Bilateral trade is growing strongly
*North Korea: Japan often takes a tougher stance than China over the nuclear issue
*East China Sea: Beijing and Tokyo disagree over the boundary between their exclusive economic zones
*Security: Japan wants to revise is pacifist constitution, which concerns China. China's military expansion concerns Japan
Here's the start of the main text of the article, an article recording what could well turn out to be of world-historical importance.
Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has met his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe in Tokyo, at the start of a summit hailed as a sign of improved relations.
Asia > Japan, China
The two men issued a joint statement promising to look frankly at their historical disputes, and signed accords on energy and the environment.

"Our talks will be a big step toward building strategically and mutually beneficial relations," Mr Abe said.

Mr Wen is the first Chinese prime minister to visit Japan in seven years.

The meeting followed a trip by Mr Abe to China in October - the first sign of a thaw in ongoing tensions between the two countries.
A valuable analysis of these then-prospective developments may be found at the Open Democracy website in a short essay by Andrew Joyce, "China and Japan: between past and future " (Apr10,2k7).

Tuesday, April 10, 2007

Enviro: China: Visit to Japan by Chinese premier opens hope of enviro concern in world's largest country

Today's CSM brings word, in an article by Jason Miks "Chinese premier's visit to Japan marks major thaw--Wen Jiabao will address Japan's Diet, discuss trade, and even play baseball" (Apr11,2k7) that maybe China is becoming consciousness of its tragic overdose of pollution. Japan suffers from what the wind carries from continental China to the Japanese islands.

Despite the extended tensions in political relations, economic ties between the two countries have been thriving. China's trade with Japan in 2006 jumped 12.4 percent from a year earlier, to $207.36 billion – more than double the $101.91 billion recorded in 2002, according to Chinese government figures.

A further sign of the improving economic and political climate was China's decision in January to, in principle, to resume imports of Japanese rice. Imports were suspended in 2003, ostensibly over insects being found in the rice, though the decision was widely viewed as having a political element.

However, though economics have helped drive China-Japan relations forward, China's rapidly growing economy presents its own problems.
This Sino-Japanese trade bonanza includes the nasty enviro consequences that puts China on a projectile to surpass all countries in pollution this year. Not only does this pollution problem infect China's own life and population, it has wider implications as the smog moves on the winds to Japan and across the Pacific to North America. Much of San Fransisco's smog originates in China. Japan is not unaffected. But just as Japan is stressing politeness to the Chinese at the moment (this being a big anniversary of Japan's slawter of Chinese in Nanjing decades ago), so China's premier Wen is stressing politeness since anti-Japan nationalism has previously stirred uncontrollable crowd violence against Japan.

Altho China was exempted from the Kyoto Protocols on the environment (Canada agreed to China's exemption and signed too, the USA refused to exempt China and did not sign), China now wants to give Japan the impression that it will join the worldwide anti-pollution movement. But, while Japan has fostered the manufacture and sale of non-polluting alterntively-fuelled cars, China has simply upped its auto production and the machines are all polluters. Meanwhile, China has made huge deals for the import of oil without alternative fuels appearing on its production schedules. So we may be forgiven when we greet with disbelief, reporter Mik's mention of the Chinese diplomcacy with Japan regarding the environment.
Indeed, an expected joint statement during Wen's visit on tackling global warming suggests that China sees improved relations with Japan as an opportunity to try to burnish its credentials as a good global citizen. China is said to be ready to enter post-Kyoto negotiations on a future framework and also to agree to work with Japan on a number of projects including water purification and reforestation.

Glosserman says that one motivation for the recent shift is China's determination to make Wen's visit a success. "Improving relations with Japan makes China look like a responsible stakeholder," he explains.
The sad truth is that China had a unique opportunity to introduce anti-pollution measures much earlier in its rapid-industrialization process. It could have devoted itself to the manufacture of alternatively-fuelled vehicles, providing first-time auto buyers non-pulluters to start with. No such luck, says the fortune cookie.

Sunday, April 08, 2007

Civil War: Sri Lanka: Tamil Tigers go airborne, strike govt military airbase

A week and a half ago, BBC reported the bizarrely ironic story that "Sri Lankan rebels launch air raid" (Mar26,2k7), resulting in 3 deaths and 16 injured in that initial count. Not a huge kill score, as the world turns these days. But almost incomprehensible in Sri Lankan terms. Yet, the LTTE [Tamil Tigers], as the separatist military organization is called, has been confounding the govt's presumptions of its capablities over decades now. Not so long ago they gook on the govt forces from the sea, with a Tiger Navy, so to speak.

What's most crazy is that the movement has broked no dissent among the broader Tamil population, all of whom have also to contend with the largely Sinhalese majority, who have an anciently-rooted Buddhist cultural tradition (while the Tamils main roots are in Hinduism, the Tigers having concocted their own warrior-glorifying version based on a LTTE reading of Mahabratra. Now an airforce!

Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers have carried out their first aerial attack, bombing a military base by the international airport north of the capital, Colombo.

Three air force personnel were killed, officials say, and 16 people injured when the bombs hit a parking area for planes and helicopter gunships.

The international airport - which was not damaged - was closed briefly.

Tiger rebels attacked the airport and base in 2001, killing 18 and wiping out half of the national airline fleet.

The Katunayake airbase and the civilian airport share the same runway.

The Tigers said that goverment planes retaliated on Monday, carrying out four raids in the north of the island. They said civilian areas were hit, but there were no casualties.

'More to come'

A statement from the Tamil Tigers, carried by the pro-rebel Tamilnet website, claimed responsibility for the attack on the military base, which is 30km (20 miles) north of Colombo.

The government said one plane was used. The rebels said two aircraft took part and that both planes returned to rebel-held territory safely.

"It is a measure to protect Tamil civilians from the genocidal aerial bombardments by Sri Lankan armed forces. More attacks of the same nature will follow," said the rebels' military spokesman, Rasiah Ilanthirayan.

Air force officials said no planes were hit, damage to the military facility was "minor" and that a search operation was under way.

The BBC's Roland Buerk in Colombo says the confirmation that the rebels now have an air capability confirms government suspicions that they had been smuggling in aircraft parts to be assembled in areas of the island they control.
South Asia > Sri Lanka
One international airline, Cathay Pacific, announced that it was suspending flights to Colombo.

The authorities have set up an investigation into how the Tigers could have flown planes for more than 200 kms (125 miles) undetected.

The Tigers have released photos of planes and personnel they said took part in the raid.

"No terrorist group in this part of the world has any air capability," government minister Jeyaraj Fernandopulle told journalists in Colombo.

"This is a clear threat to the security of the whole region."

Panic

The raid on the air force base took place at about 0045 on Monday (1915 GMT Sunday).

The wounded air force personnel were treated at Negombo military hospital

Flights in and out of the civilian airport were cancelled and roads cordoned off but no civilians were wounded and the runway was not damaged.

Neil Butler, a British passenger at the airport, was inside the terminal building when the attack happened.

"I heard a large thud and we all went to the window. There was a long silence and then several more explosions followed by machine gun fire," he told the BBC News website.

"The staff ran for the exit followed by the passengers. When I arrived downstairs in the check-in area a large crowd was running in a panic from the entrance where there had been more machine gun fire."

He said: "I saw what looked like kind of fireworks in the sky, like a series of red flashes. But I didn't see any aircraft going over."

Independent homeland

The air force base, which adjoins the country's only international passenger airport, houses some of the aircraft used in recent air strikes against Tiger rebel bases in the north.

Air force officials said damage to the military facility was "minor"

Despite a ceasefire still being in place on paper, Sri Lanka has been sliding back towards civil war, with more than 4,000 people killed in the past 15 months, our correspondent says.

The rebels have been fighting the armed forces of the predominantly Sinhalese government for much of the past 20 years.

They want to establish an independent homeland for the minority Tamils in the north and east of the country, to be called Tamil Eelam.

About 65,000 people have been killed and one million displaced by the fighting.
The geopolitics of the territories that the Tigers want to hold, having seized them off and on over the years, are simply not viable as an independent state, in my opinion. In the north, including the peninsula where the main concentration of Tamils occurs in the city of Jaffna, could conceivably have an existence distinct from the Sinhala-dominated main body of the rest of the country, hubbing out from the great city of Colombo. But the viability of Jaffna would depend upon support of ethnoreligiusly-related Tamil Nadu, a southern state of India, thos support from India for a Jaffna state offshore the subcontinent's southernmost tip, on the Lankan island, would become a perfect point of contest among the squabbling factions of Hindus, Christians, and Marxists that (de)compose Tamil Nadu society itself, ideologically.

In Sri Lanka, the ethnoreligious communities are the Tamil Hindus, the Sinhala Buddhists, and the Arab Muslims (the smallest of these three, who often seem the sanest). The Christian minority crosses all these communities, as something of a melting pot exists, making the Christian existence more viable, but there is also a backlash against the aggressive missionizing and church planting of some Christian groups. Additionally, educated people from all backgrounds often move to some personal version of secular Humanism (aside from rabidly ideological Marxist Hinduism, as prevails in the LTTE).

But more than faith and ideological factors are present on the island. One such is signified by the number of intermarriages that take mixed couples to the cosmopolitan capital city of Colombo.

I've known people (some directly, others by reputation) who have hoped for peace for the bullied and battered Tamil population, only to be disappointed by one side or the other, over and over again. I doubt there will be lasting peace on the island in the next twenty years.

Disaster: Tsunami: 1,000-islands chain in SouthWest Pacific recovers slowly, miraculously from natural event

ReliefWeb's Amy Bennett reports "Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea reeling from recent tsunami" (Apr5,2k7):

New York, USA – A strong undersea earthquake that struck the South Pacific this week left the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea directly in the path of a deadly tsunami, which swept through coastal villages killing at least 34 and leaving many more homeless.

More than 900 homes were destroyed and reports tell of entire villages being washed away. Aerial surveillance revealed flattened homes and people wandering along the coast. Roads were clogged with debris and boats that had been hurled ashore.

UNICEF and its partners responded within hours of the 8.1 earthquake and tsunami with pre-positioned emergency medical supplies for up to 10,000 people.

UNICEF is working to distribute medical kits including emergency drugs, to provide immunisation against measles for children aged six to 59 months, as well as Vitamin A supplementation. Water tanks and food sources have been destroyed so meeting the basic needs of many of the displaced will be a challenge.

With some 5,500 people displaced, families will be vulnerable to hunger and the spread of disease. Lack of access to safe water is a serious concern. Standing water is an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes and malaria is endemic in the area.

In collaboration with partners and the authorities, UNICEF will assess the damage to water and sanitation infrastructure and coordinate the distribution of water purification tablets, jerry cans and water tanks, and hygiene kits as well as the establishment of latrines and water points as necessary.

Aid workers in some areas have pointed out that relief efforts are lacking in resources while the risks to health and human life are mounting.

In any disaster, it is children who suffer most. Of the estimated 50,000 people affected by this crisis, approximately nearly 30,000 are children, and 15,000 are under the age of five. Vulnerable to hunger, disease and trauma, children and women in the affected areas require urgent life-saving assistance to survive.


Three days later,AP via International Herald Tribune describes the damage in the Solomon Islands's main center Gizo, "Among Solomon Islands' debris, an open-air maternity ward continues to operate" (Apr8,2k7). The reporter interlaces a family's personal ordeal amidst a fact-filled overview of the situation which resulted in at least 28 deaths, but not the wipe-out many feared.
GIZO, Solomon Islands: As flies buzzed around a basket of bloody gauze, Moana Saito nursed her newborn daughter, delivered in an open-air maternity ward near the center of the Solomon Islands' earthquake and tsunami disaster.

"It's lucky it's not raining," said the attending nurse, Vaelin Gagahe, who delivered Saito's baby on Saturday. The nurse has delivered three babies in two days in the makeshift network of tarpaulins and tents that has sprung up to replace Gizo's hospital, partially destroyed by the tsunami last Monday.

Health officials warn that without proper sanitation, the number of child deaths in the disaster zone could rise significantly. Unhygienic conditions and a lack of clean water have contributed to isolated cases of diarrhea and dysentery in some refugee camps. International aid workers were scrambling to dig latrines and set up water purifiers.

Last week, the United Nations warned that up to 30,000 children could be affected by the disaster, including 15,000 under the age of five.

"These children are highly vulnerable to hunger, disease and the disruption of their normal lives and protective social systems, and require urgent lifesaving assistance to survive," the UN said in a statement.
SW Pacific > Solomons & Papua NG
Saito's husband, a ship captain, was helping to unload relief supplies from a boat that arrived in Gizo early Saturday and had not yet seen his daughter, the couple's first surviving child. They had a boy in 2004, but he died shortly after birth.

The 23-year-old mother went into labor just before dawn in the hillside camp where she and hundreds of others have taken refuge away from their low-lying homes, many of which were badly damaged by the 8.1 magnitude quake and the killer waves that followed.

Saito's home was only partially damaged, but like many others, she has been afraid to return because of the many aftershocks - including several registering magnitude 6 or higher - that have shook the region since last Monday.

She and her husband have no tent, and have been sleeping in the open air. She is not sure whether they will return home now that their baby daughter has arrived.

According to the UN, an average of 20 children die per 1,000 live births in the Solomons - a rate that exceeds many South Pacific nations, but is well below that of neighboring Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu.

There were no official estimates of the number of diarrhea and dysentery cases. Stefan Knollmeyer of an Australian aid group, AusAID, said he was optimistic that basic sanitation measures - like pit toilets, water purification tablets and soap - could contain the problem.

The United Nations has set the death toll from the disaster last Monday at 34 people, while the Solomons' official toll is 28. However, many villagers have been burying the dead as they find them, and some deaths may never be reported to officials.

Knollmeyer said the current estimates seemed accurate based on AusAID's survey so far.

He said that up to 7,000 people had been left homeless by the disaster, far fewer than originally feared. Last week, the premier of Western Province, Alex Lokopio, said that as many as 40,000 of the region's 90,000 people may have lost their homes.

Meanwhile, aid continued to flow into the region after days of delays caused by transport bottlenecks and government bureaucracy.

Two large boats docked in Gizo early Saturday carrying supplies and about two dozen troops from Australia and New Zealand, including five medics and six sanitation experts.

More than 2,500 tarpaulins and 1.2 tons of rice have been distributed to the camps around Gizo and some of the surrounding islands, with more supplies on the way.

Relief has been slow to reach the region's outlying islands, however, and villagers have complained that they are running low on food, shelter and other emergency supplies.
At least one island was raised out of its seabed by the underwater earthquake, reports The Times of India (Apr8,2k7):
RANONGGA, SOLOMON ISLANDS: The seismic jolt that unleashed the deadly Solomons tsunami this week lifted an entire island metres out of the sea, destroying some of the world's most pristine coral reefs.

In an instant, the grinding of the Earth's tectonic plates in the 8.0 magnitude earthquake Monday forced the island of Ranongga up three metres (10 feet).

Submerged reefs that once attracted scuba divers from around the globe lay exposed and dying after the quake raised the mountainous landmass, which is 32-kilometres (20-miles) long and 8-kilometres (5-miles) wide.

Corals that used to form an underwater wonderland of iridescent blues, greens and reds now bleach under the sun, transforming into a barren moonscape surrounding the island.
After the havoc wreaked in recent years affecting many nations, principallly Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Aceh, Indonesia, and more recetnly Japan, the word "tsunami" has come to signify massive numbers of deaths as a result of earthquakes, tidal waves, and floods. It seems the Solomons and Papua New Guinea have been spared the worst, but bad is bad enuff.

Terrorism: SouthWest Pacific: Indonesia and Australia avert a massive 2nd Bali

I mentioned in an earlier post a brief item I had located in a Christian Science Monitor email newsletter (Apr4,2k7) regarding an impressive Indonesia/Australia joint anti-terrorist action--the joint action by the security forces of Indonesia and Australia averted an action plan by jihadists of an extreme Muslim grouping that intended in recent days to double perhaps the kill rate of vacationing Aussies and other foreign tourists in Bali 2002. I accidentally deleted the email, and have been googling for it, then using CSM's search feature, but have not found the precise story I wanted.

Instead I found on Radio Australia's website an audio of Rob Sharp interviewing John Lawler, Australian Federal Police Commissioner, regarding "Indonesia: Police raid gives possible JI leads" (Apr4,2k7): "Australian and Indonesian police now believe they may have a better understanding of the make-up of terrorist group, Jemaah Islamiyah, after a raid last month in which in number of photocopied charts were seized." I did more searching and I finally found the info I was seeking--of all the world's news media!-- on AlJazeera English, "Indonesia terror plot 'foiled'" (Apr4,2k7).

Indonesian police say they have foiled a bombing plot potentially bigger than the Bali nightclub attacks in 2002 [where mainly Aussies and other Westerners tourists congregate - P], which killed at least 202 people.

Authorities captured seven suspected members of the Jemaah Islamiah (JI) group during raids in the city of Yogyakarta and central Java last week.

JI is blamed for carrying out the Bali bombings as well as a string of other attacks across Indonesia, including the bombing of the Australian embassy in 2004.

During the raids police also seized a cache of weapons and explosives, including bombs, detonators and ammunition.

The arrests were carried out in a joint operation with Australian police.

"We also found documents which indicate that military wings of Jemaah Islamiyah still exist in Indonesia", Suryadarma Salim, the head of Indonesia's anti-terrorism task force, said.

Officials said the explosives were enough to make a bomb much larger than the ones used in the Bali attacks.

John Lawler, the deputy commissioner of the Australian Federal Police said the raids were a "significant milestone" for efforts to contain and counter the threat posed by terrorists.

Interrogation

The seven suspects have now been flown amid tight security to Jakarta for interrogation.
SouthWest Pacific > Indonesia/Australia

One other suspect was shot dead during the police raids.

"We're bringing them to Jakarta so we can interrogate them further," General Sutanto, Indonesia's police chief, told reporters.

"We want to learn everything we can about this network."

Indonesian and Western intelligence officials say the JI group has close links to al-Qaeda and is seeking to create by force an Islamic state across South-East Asia.

Despite hundreds of arrests in recent years, authorities say JI still has the ability to carry out attacks.

Abu Dujana, the group's alleged current leader who learned bomb-making skills in Afghanistan, remains at large, as does Noordin Top, JI's alleged operations chief.

Source: Agencies. Bolds added by Politicarp.
This anti-terrorism development underlines the difficulties Indonesians have with Australia. Unfortunately, a majority of Indonesians accept the idea of a "clash of civilizations" with many of that slim Muslim majority believing in second-class status for non-Muslims, especially the Christian minority which is widely hated.

Likewise, the Australia public has a majority which is h+ly suspicious of Indonesian Islamic(ist) desires to subjugate the SouthWest Pacific; there is considerable Aussie sentimaent for limiting the further immigration and r+ts of Muslims, mainly arriving from Indonesia. Diplomacy between the two countries has long been quite dicey, especially after Australia's support for the independence of the former Portuguese-colony of East Timor, which Indonesia wanted to take over for itself (after 5 years of govt collapse, the Timorese are conducting an historic vote today; a leading candidate wants Aust. peacekeeping troops to stay on).

Papua is also another grievance point between Indonesia and the Aussies (who dominate the neiboring Papua New Guinea. Papuans in the past escaped Indonesian control (2006) in their country as refugees seeking asylum (2007) in Australia. Map.

Asia Times Online in a thoro article by Duncan Graham, "Tricky Treaty for Indonesia and Australia (Apr4,2k7), illuminates some of the diplomatic niceties that contextualize the recent anti-terrorist cooperation.

Calendar: Easter Joy: Easter greetings to all refWrite regular readers, and occsional visitors too!


.


Happy


Easter!


Joining all those who pray for the peace of the world, and in the midst of all people of good will naming and glorifying our Lord Jesus Christ as the Prince of Peace ... praying for food, shelter, clean air, and clean water for those displaced, for refugees everywhere, for migrants seeking work and income ... praying for reproductive knowledge and behavioural changes among the poor whose demographics are everywhere so dismal ... praying that the messengers of the Gospel may be received thru-out all nations, and that a worldwide framework of religious freedom with the r+t to convert from any religion to any religion freely chosen, for all these changes, O Lord, please hear our prayers.

Terrorism: SouthWest Pacific: Indonesia and Australia avert a massive 2nd Bali, Solomon Islands disaster, Tamil separatists 'airforce"

Here are three brief items from Christian Science Monitor email newsletter (Apr4,2k7):

Indonesia/Australia joint anti-terrorist action:

Joint action by the security forces of Indonesia and Australia averted an action plan by jihadists of an extreme Muslim grouping to double the kill rate of vacationing Aussies and other foreign tourists in Bali in recent days.
Solomon Islands disaster lacks relief due to aftershocks:
The first emergency teams arrived in the Solomon Islands to help survivors of the earthquake and tsunami that battered the South Pacific archipelago Monday. The first priorities, officials said, would be to restore communications, then treat the injured and distribute food and supplies. At least 27 aftershocks were reported, forcing thousands of residents to remain on high ground for safety and causing authorities to warn of additional tsunamis. [CSM, Apr3,2k7] A second report a day later stresses that relief is not getting thru yet, and that victims of the flooding caused by the tsunami lack shelter, drinkable water, and food.
Sri Lanka's separatist Tamil Tigers go airborne:
LTTE, the organizational name for the ruthless separatist movement in Tamil areas of Sri Lanka have put an airplane in the sky to bomb forces of the national Sri Lankan military.

Saturday, April 07, 2007

Politics: Zimbabwe: 'Mugabe a monster,' says New Republic

New Republic online has an important editorial, "A Dictator on the Brink" (Apr2,2k7), from which I quote only the opening paragraph. It's an important piece, and I urge readers to click it up to read in full. The scary G-word comes up: genocide. So, there's a huge moral frame around the statistics cited compactly and briefly and tellingly.

Robert Mugabe is a monster. The world ought to have realized this back in the 1970s, when he began preaching the wisdom of the Maoist revolution, or at least in the 1980s, after he ascended to Zimbabwe's presidency and slaughtered the minority Ndebele tribe by the thousands. But there can be no doubt, at this late date, that Mugabe has become one of the world's most grotesque dictators.
You'll need to register, once you click up. Registration is free.

Another editorial, this time in Christian Science Monitor, "Cutting loose from an African dictator" (Mar29,2k7) sums up the situation ten days ago, citing the sad case of South Africa's hesitance to hold accountable Mugabe and his thug-ridden ruling political party ZANU-PF.
A decade. That's all it has taken for Africa's fastest growing economy to become the world's fastest shrinking one that's not at war. And for the continent's "breadbasket" to empty, leaving widespread hunger. Zimbabwe can't take much more of this.

Hopefully, it won't have to. Pressure as never before is building on the octogenarian president, Robert Mugabe, to give way after 27 years as strongman leader.

Mr. Mugabe may still be revered by many Africans as the great liberator of the former Rhodesia from white rule, but he has made a mess since then. Inflation clocks in at more than 1,700 percent. The unemployment rate is a staggering 80 percent. Food is scarce, as are fuel and foreign currency. The 12 million people in this country survive through barter, or by leaving.

An estimated 3 million have fled, many to South Africa. One would think this influx would have prompted South African President Thabo Mbeki to exchange his ineffective policy of "quiet diplomacy" with his neighbor for one with more teeth. South Africa is, after all, Zimbabwe's largest trading partner.

Still, fresh diplomacy is afoot after photographs of brutally beaten opposition leaders, taken earlier this month, sparked indignation around the world and where it counts most – with Zimbabwe's neighbors. Not letting up, police raided the main opposition headquarters on Wednesday and made arrests.
Interestingly, Mugabe's earlier Maoism has transformed into an alliance with presentday Communist China's unique brand of capitalist imperialism, which guides a society under an anti-democratic one-party rule.

Politics: France: Election earthquake 2 weeks ahead?

In UK's New Statesman, David Lawday tells us that "The days of grandeur are over" (Apr9,2k7) for France. Lawday notes that the leading candidate, Nicholas Sarkozy of the centre-r+t UPM party, admires the Brits for their economic system and will probably work quite constructively with Tony Blair's soon-to-be-successor Gordon Brown. However, if elected Sarkozy may have more heft in the European Union than many would like. He opposes EU admission by Turkey, and opposes the further expansion of the EU generally--to countries like Ukraine or Moldava of the former Soviet bloc. Will he grovel before Russia?, which itself will be electing a new President, probably a Putinite. Where Sarkozy will also have much heft abroad will be in former French colonies in black Africa. But he must move delicately there. Arab North African countries, especially former French colonies there, are those to which he will have an even harder time relating. Both zones are quite leery of Sarkozy's previous anti-immigrant stances while he was until recently France's Minister of the Interior.

Whoever wins France's presidential elections will enjoy more power than any other western leader. Expect big changes in foreign policy, from America to Africa.

Tony Blair has had pretty much of a free hand to act. The job of British prime minister offers the freedom to chalk up personal triumphs, but also to get things horribly wrong. All on one's own. Now look across the Channel. The personal dominance allotted to the winner of France's presidential elections far exceeds even that which Gordon Brown is about to inherit.

It's hard to think of any politician in the western world who can look forward to wielding greater personal power than either Nicolas Sarkozy or Ségolène Royal, one of whom - this is a safe-ish prediction - will shortly occupy the Élysée Palace. True, [outgoing French President] Jacques Chirac looks anything but omnipotent as he limps to the end of his mandate. But that is because he has lacked the legitimacy which Sarkozy or Royal will have: he brought his own fate on himself by sacking parliament, then winning re-election by a strange landslide that was no reflection of his popularity because the run-off opponent he faced was the far right's aged prince of xenophobia, Jean-Marie Le Pen, with whom four in five voters wouldn't share a baguette.
Slick writing to be sure, Mr Lawdy, and quite ins+tful, as far as your article goes.

Sarko or Sego in France, we're witnessing a new generation coming to power in the Western political zone: Bush gone, Blair gone and Brown in (I'd guess), Merkel continuing at least for a while (she having displaced the Social Democrats), Putin gone and who knows who will replace him. In the Netherlands, Balkenende counts on the replacing-generation side, as far as I'm concerned. The turmoil in Ukraine needs solution drastically--can Europe help? Kosovo--will it obtain independence, as I think it should? Would Sarkozy welcome that Muslim-majority country into the EU, along with Albania, also Muslim-majority?

In Sarko's case, I see how he handles the religion factor, most delicately in regard to Muslims in France but in relation to all these other larger European questions, as perhaps his primary task and dificulty. He has indicated some affinity to a less severe and idiotic secularity for France, less outrageously hostile to Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, but not servile to extremist religious movements either.

Economics: USA: Volatility continues on stock market, Bernanke still settles for half-warning on inflation trend

MarketWatch Weekly Roundup email newsletter (Mar30,2k7) in its summary of last week continued its coverage of the most recent Fed statement on economic trends, that we noted on the subject of inflation vs slowed growth.

Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke on Wednesday said he expected the economy to keep growing at a moderate pace and inflation to stay under control. But he also said there was a risk that inflation would be stronger than he currently expected. ...
In the itemized teasers, however, the Roundup repeated its noxious headline of last week: Clear as mud again by restating it in bold as an item headline:
Clear as mud, again

Reiterating comments from last week, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke told Congress the central bank expected the economy to keep expanding at a moderate pace with contained inflation. But he warned that the expectation could be wrong and that inflation could turn out to be higher than forecast.
Teasing up the full-length article by MR's lead hand in Washington, we come again to the drum being beaten by Rex Nutting, as the reporter deftly tries to get Bernanke to march to the line preferred by many stock-market economists. "Bernanke sees moderate growth, slower inflation -- FOMC's top priority remains inflation, Fed chief says" (Mar 28, 2007), MarketWatch.
WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) -- Despite heightened risks from the contraction in housing and the slump in manufacturing, the US economy will most likely achieve moderate growth this year with gradually slowing inflation, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said Wednesday.

expand
"Overall, the economy appears likely to continue to expand at a moderate pace over coming quarters," he said, adding that he doesn't see a recession coming this year.
Growth "probably will stay moderate until the housing situation turns around," Bernanke said.
It's perhaps needless to intersperse here the notation that the US economy, and contemporary mega-capitlaism generally, is based on the norm of economic growth, the maximization of growth in the economy is the norm of economic activity and hence of corporations (with possible exceptions for non-profits of various sizes, and entrepreneur-run small businesses). In contrast to the prevailing norm, the leading reformational Christian economist, Bob Goudzwaard and colleagues have critiqued this very idea of normativity for economic life and theory, claiming we have enuff, bring growth as such way down on the basis of sustainability (thus, a competing norm), and re-order our economic institutions and system to feed, clothe, shelter all the people. and provide clean air and good water in a healthy environment.

Goudzwaard nowadays frames this in terms of the international economic order, which does exist (being required by globalization and free trade) and needs drastic change. I have some problems with this conception of what's normative for the economy and its institutions, but am trying to take Goudzwaard's distinction between norms and goals, especially in regard to the economy--beginning with the national economies of the USA and Canada--seriously, especially in regard to the absolutization of growth.

In short, at present, I'm somewhat at home in worrying about growth slowdown, in feeling better with moderate growth, and quite concerned about rapid growth such as we see today at the extreme in Communist China where a kind of robber-baron and cowboy capitalism has been let loose on its population and the world. It was the combination of the overheated Shanghai Stockmarket and the American false-loans for first-time mortagages that were the chief factors in triggering the recent New York Stockmarket downfall. Bernanke and FOMC surely have their work cut out for them.
At the same time, the core rate of inflation "remains uncomfortably high" but "seems likely to moderate gradually over time," he said.

The Fed is likely to keep its overnight lending target at 5.25%, Bernanke said in his prepared testimony to the congressional Joint Economic Committee [of the House and Senate]." The current stance of policy is likely to foster sustainable economic growth and a gradual ebbing in core inflation."

US stocks sold off as the central banker began speaking, disappointed that he didn't hint at a quick cut in interest rates. By mid-afternoon, the major indexes were back where they were before Bernanke spoke. Tensions with Iran seemed to play a larger role in market psychology than Bernanke's comments.
This is the key detail of a danger-point in a stockmarket-driven economy, where buyers and sellers await breathlessly for a "hint" from the Fed Chairman in order to determine their next course of action, which when compiled into trend statistics affects all of us in the American economy and elsewhere.

Bernanke continued his itemizations of industrial sectors, including the financial sector and futures markets on various commodities like next season's crops in agriculture and drill yields in petroleum that won't reach markets until after the refining and processing into oil and gas. Futures trading is inherently risking in all industrial sectors where it is needed.
...Treasury[ bonds] sold off, driving yields higher. Futures markets continued to see a 30% to 40% chance of a rate cut by mid-2007.

The dollar fell further against the yen. "Bernanke fails to alter the market's predominant concern," which is housing and weaker growth, wrote Ashraf Laidi, chief foreign-exchange analyst for CMC Markets US.

In his prepared testimony, Bernanke expanded on the Federal Open Market Committee's statement from last week's monetary-policy meeting, during which policymakers held interest rates steady.

Last week's FOMC statement confused the financial markets. At first, the statement seemed to imply the Fed was more likely to ease policy to support growth, rather than leaning toward higher rates to combat inflation.

Gradually, however, prices began to reflect a more balanced view that the Fed had heightened its concerns about both inflation and growth but was still more worried about inflation.
Getting the stockmarket analysts and economics reporters in the media to a consensus around that "more balanced view" was the obstacle to a more proper pricing across the American economy. This is a thorny reality: how instant-trigger economic actionism, especially buying and selling on the stockmarkets, is itself driven by over-reaction of said analysts and media to a careful and truthful statement by the Fed's FOMC led now by Bernanke, to the best of their responsible ability. There is no built in pause for contemplation.
Clearing the air

In response to a question, Bernanke explicitly said the committee didn't change its policy stance and is still focused more on fighting inflation, even though "risks had increased on both sides." He said [FOMC] is moving away from giving firm guidance about future rate actions.

'Despite the recent weak readings, we expect business investment in equipment and software to grow at a moderate pace this year.' — Ben Bernanke, Federal Reserve chairman

The Fed's baseline scenario sees inflation rates falling. He noted that higher rents had been a major factor in the acceleration of core inflation, something he expects to dissipate as the housing market corrects.

"It is encouraging that inflation expectations appear to be contained," he said.

"Bernanke's prepared text contained nothing new regarding the Fed's inflation objective," wrote David Greenlaw, economist for Morgan Stanley.

Most of Wednesday's testimony concerned the prospects for growth in the wake of the sudden weakening of the subprime mortgage industry.

Housing woes

"Thus far, the weakness in housing and in some parts of manufacturing does not appear to have spilled over to any significant extent to other sectors of the economy," Bernanke said. The Fed chief identified several downside risks to his benign outlook, including what he called the "substantial correction in housing," which could lead to severe financial problems for many individuals.

"The implications for these developments for the housing market as a whole are less clear," he said. "The impact on the broader economy and financial markets of the problems in the subprime [housing] market seems likely to be contained."

In response to a question from Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., Bernanke said it would be "worth looking at" a federal predatory-lending law. Bernanke noted that financial regulation in the United States is divided among many federal and state agencies.

But he defended the Fed's hands-off approach to the lending business, saying overbroad rules could "kill" the market.
Here I would tend to think a Fed law against predatory lending is in order, but there's huge note of auxiliary issues that flow from making it more difficult for first-time home-owners to get the mortagages they need and, at the same time, have real good prospects of being able to pay-off on a monthly basis. Predatory lending cannot be solved without a national home-owners policy, and that relates to the persistent problems of unemployment.
A slowing in capital spending is another risk, heightened by the February durable-goods orders report, released earlier Wednesday, that showed further slowing in capital equipment orders.

"Despite the recent weak readings, we expect business investment in equipment and software to grow at a moderate pace this year," he said.

"Bernanke appears to be in denial," said Ian Shepherdson, chief US economist for High Frequency Economics, who said manufacturing is in recession. "There is plenty of room for the Fed to do much more than the market thinks, once they get over their usual late-cycle inflation hangups and focus on the fact that the economy is grinding to a halt."

For his part, Bernanke said there are also reasons to think growth might accelerate. "Consumer spending -- which has proved quite resilient despite the housing downturn and increases in energy prices -- might continue to grow at a brisk pace, stimulating a more-rapid economic expansion than we currently anticipate," Bernanke said. Exports are also an area of growth.

------------

Rex Nutting is Washington bureau chief of MarketWatch. Bolds, underlines, minor deletions and intersperses are mine. -- Economix
In a week's time, while Nutting maintained his slant judiciously, the headline writer for MR moved from "Clear as mud" last week, repeating it "Clear as mud again" this week in the teaser, to the subhead "Clears the air." But the fact is that Bernanke has remained unchanged, while his explication of the nuances on the situation, sector by sector, has been elaborated. That's good and proper. The only trouble3 is that economists for the stock-brokers' analysts and corporations are yammering for hardedge "clarity" where "softedge" is truer given the limits of human knowledge to predict economic trends and unanticible shifts in specific factors.

Of course, I'm not putting down Rex Nutting, whom I regard as just about the best reporter on overall trends in the US economy, with contacts both in the government economic agencies like the Fed and in Congressional finance committees, as well as in the corporate interests, not least among the economists who work for them and often are them. Nutting is immersed in this guild, as are most reports in his specialty and all others.
------
Cross-posted from BizMix -- reformational Christian business reportage, comments, critiques, and advocacy

Friday, April 06, 2007

Politics: Iran: British sailors seized by Iran to prove what? -- a Kirschen cartoon

Loud and Clear (Apr2,2k7) Kirschen
The British Sailors, an original cartoon by Yaakov Kirschner(c)April 2,2k7. Digitally republished with permission of the artist.

Thursday, April 05, 2007

Politics: USA: Republican Tancredo officially enters race for his party's nomination as President, Nov 2008

Associated Press reporter Henry C. Jackson inform us via Washington Post that American's leading Republican opponent of illegal immigration has announced he is entering the primaries to win his party's nomination for President. "Tancredo Enters 2008 Presidential Race" (Apr2,2k7). The outspoken Congressman (R, Colorado) made his announcement "during a radio talk show appearance at the studios of WHO Newsradio 1040 in Des Moines, Iowa.

Des Moines, Iowa -- Criticizing other GOP candidates as weak in their efforts to stop illegal immigration, Colorado Rep. Tom Tancredo announced Monday he would seek the Republican presidential nomination.

"The political elite in Washington have chosen to ignore this phenomenon," he said.

The U.S.-Mexico border is at the forefront of a growing debate over U.S. immigration and border security reform.

Tancredo, a congressman who has gained prominence in recent years for his staunch stance against illegal immigration, said immigration would be the primary focus of his campaign.

He said he would not enter the race if he thought one of the leading candidates was sufficiently conservative on the issue.

It's, "the field, the field," he said when asked why he was entering the race. "You look and you see no one is going to make this the primary issue of their campaign." ...

Tancredo's goal for the Iowa caucuses are fairly modest. He said he would like to finish third or fourth in Iowa, a placement he contends would be enough to help launch him to the GOP nomination. ...

"We have something they don't have _ a group of people out there who are there because of an issue," Tancredo said. "And they're never going to have that. They can use their 100 million to try and buy constituency. I have it. It's natural. It's there."
Tancredo's entry adds a volatile dimension to the campaign within the GOP, a factor that could put the financial leader Mitt Romney, and the second-place former Mayor of New York City, Rudy Guiliani, and third-place Sen. John McCain, all in tailspin. The movement to stem the flow of illegals and to constrain the illegals already in the USA, penalizing the sleazy employers who exploit their situations, is a quite strong one. The constitute a bloc that could well stay home during the actual election should Tancredo's case not be heard and become part of the party's election platform with clear support from the candidate nominated at the Republican convention in the summer of 2k7.

Wednesday, April 04, 2007

Politics: Diplomacy: Speaker of USA House of Reps visits Syria's Prez, against Prez Bush's foreign policy

International Herald Tribune, an English language edition published in Paris, carries a report by Hassan M. Fattah, "Pelosi meets Syrian president despite Bush criticism" (Apr4,2k7). In her representations, Pelosi conveyed a new ambiguity in the official American view, having stopped off in Israel first and bringing to Prez Assad of Syria the impression that Israel was softening on the issue of Israeli-Syrian peace talks in future. Israeli Prime Minister Olmert had to put a statement on his website to correct Pelosi's misrepresentation by ambiguation:

"The prime minister emphasized that although Israel is interested in peace with Syria, that country continues to be part of the axis of evil and a force that encourages terror in the entire Middle East," the statement said.

It went on to list several preconditions for talks.

"In order to conduct serious and genuine peace negotiations, Syria must cease its support of terror, cease its sponsoring of the Hamas and Islamic Jihad organizations, refrain from providing weapons to Hezbollah and bringing about the destabilizing of Lebanon, cease its support of terror in Iraq, and relinquish the strategic ties it is building with the extremist regime in Iran," the statement said.
Picking up after Pelosi's mess and after her elbowing out the constitutional role of the President and the Secretary of State (in this case of course Mdme Condoleeza Rice), Pelosi attempted to take over USA foreign policy and diplomacy. Why Pelosi arrogates this extra-constitutional role to herself is not motivated by any clear interest of the USA, nor for that matter, of Israel. In one stroke, Pelosi anointed herself Queen of Congressional meddling. Needless to say, the manoeuvre did not please Prez Bush.
DAMASCUS: Nancy Pelosi, speaker of the House of Representatives, met here Wednesday with President Bashar al-Assad and discussed the situations in Iraq and Lebanon and the prospect for peace talks between Syria and Israel.

Pelosi, the third-ranking elected official in the United States after the president and the vice president, is the most senior American politician to visit the country since relations between the United States and Syria faltered in 2003. Her visit has been criticized by President George W. Bush and other administration officials, who have sought to isolate Syria diplomatically.

The visit is being seen as a strong signal of re-engagement with Syria by the United States, and appears to have raised the profile of Assad internationally. But it remains unclear how the development is being received by other countries in the Middle East that have uneasy relations with Syria.
A Canadian mag's online website, Maisonneuve in an article by mediascout Philip Trencer in his typically twisted way, remains all too apt with a telling metaphor:
The legislative branch of the US government is in revolt against the executive branch, and the rebellion is playing out today in Damascus, where House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi is to meet with Syrian President Bashar Assad, in a flagrant and very symbolic repudiation of the White House’s hardline stance against a government accused of backing the Hamas and Hezbollah militant groups.
NorthAmerica/MidEast > USA/Israel/Syria
President George W. Bush, well known by now for his administration’s resistance to diplomatic relations with antagonistic countries, pulled no punches in his criticism of Pelosi’s move. The visit will “lead the Assad government to believe they’re part of the mainstream of the international community, when in fact they are a state sponsor of terror,” he told a press conference in the Rose Garden yesterday. Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid shot back, saying Bush “should become in tune with the fact that he is the president of the United States, not the king of the United States, and he has another branch of government … to deal with.” Meanwhile, Pelosi, who in Damascus yesterday shunned her usual business-suit look in favour of a flower-patterned head scarf and black abaya robe, said the visit was meant to “hopefully build some confidence” between Syria and the US.

Pelosi’s trip can be interpreted as either a symbolic rejection of Bush White House policy, or an attempt by Congress to launch its own foreign policy, or both.
If Trencer had originated the metaphor, I may not have paused to reflect as deeply as I have attempted; but Trencer's metaphor originates with US Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid, like Nancy Pelosi over in the House, Democrats both, both now sitting in the catbirds' seats. Reid has a sl+t edge over Pelosi as to constitionality. The US Constitution mandates the Senate to advise and consent to the Executive branch's initiatives on Foreign Policy, but not to control it. Reid, too, in my judgment verbally overstepped the Senate's role. And, of course, there's quite a difference between a strong Presidency as provided by the US Constitution and the world's kings (being a king does not determine political powers in all monarchies, as in the case of Her Majesty, Canada's Queen, Elizabeth II.

More to the point, the US office of President is constitutionally designed non-PrimeMinsiterial strength with a stipulated length of time in that office, with regular 4-year elections. There is a check and balance in a non-executive role for the Senate on Foreign Policy, but that does not include usurping the President's final say. The House of Representatives has no such check-and -balance role on Foreign Policy, but is nowadays attempting under the Democrat majority there to usurp the President's constitutional function by controlling the funding of any Foreign Relations program. Yet even that is far less than what Mrs Pelosi arrogated to herself in making representations abroad to Assad and wiping out the Israeli position on any possible future peace talks with Syria.

However, even with all these caveats, it must be added that just a few days before Speaker Pelosi's jaunt, three Republican members of the House of Representatives made their own extra-constitutional foreign-relations power-mongering jaunts to Syria, also having met with Assad before Speaker Pelosi even landed in Israel, let alone Syria. Fortunately, for these usurping Republicans there was no additional dangerous indelicacy in regard to Israel. Republican Party discipline has broken down irretrievably in the House.

So, President Bush or no, Secretary of State Rice or no, onlookers-citizens like me seem to have make the adjustment necessary to live with the power-fact that various persons of both parties in the House, including its Speaker, with the support at least of the ranking Democrat in the Senate, have pulled off a Foreign Policy coup, extra-constitutional tho it be; and the US now has opened to terrorism-supporting Syria.

Monday, April 02, 2007

Juridics: Canada: Ontario beefs up legal aid for the poor, or does it?

In an Apr2,2k7 editorial for Law Times, editor and associate publisher Gail J. Cohen discusses "Small steps to fixing legal aid" (c) Law Times Inc. 2007. Reprinted with permission. Here's Cohen's text:

Attorney General Michael Bryant has been acting quite coy about it for months, but last week, he finally got to let the cat out of the bag, spread the good news, and offer up $51 million for legal aid over the next three years. He promised the profession he’d do something about legal aid and the follow-through was there. A good day for a politician.

For Legal Aid Ontario, the news of the impending cash infusion is also quite positive. It gives LAO some wiggle room and also allows it to pay lawyers a bit more for the work they agree to do.

There’s still a battle to be fought to bring back the many criminal lawyers who’ve stopped taking legal aid certificates, though. And as our page 1 story notes, there’s still some division on exactly what percentage increase is being applied to the tariff, five or 2.5 per cent. But at the end of the day, it’s more than it was but still not that much: $94.50 an hour for a senior counsel is still in the basement of what most lawyers in any practice area charge for their services.

The $15 million LAO will get for the 2007-8 fiscal year really might not even make that much of a difference. If you consider that halfway through the last fiscal year, LAO announced it had already spent $10 million more than it had budgeted, due to megatrials and other lengthy criminal prosecutions, the new money looks like all it will do is prevent LAO from drowning. It sure isn’t going to give it wings to fly.

The amount also falls short of the minimum $20-million increase suggested by the Ontario Bar Association during pre-budget consultations.
But there’s breathing room and, most importantly, recognition from government that the system needs a fix.

LAO and the Ministry of the Attorney General are still working together to try to sort out what to do about funding for multi-accused and big criminal trials. In the last few weeks, LAO announced it was indefinitely delaying the imposition of funding caps for those trials while discussions were ongoing with the ministry, which is a good sign.

The reality remains that the legal aid system is not working that well.
Many people can’t afford representation but aren’t poor enough to get legal aid. They slip through the cracks, don’t get justice, or end up representing themselves in court, which leads to a whole coterie of other problems and costs. Many lawyers aren’t prepared take legal aid work anymore, so those who get certificates have trouble finding quality representation.

Something has to be done. The budget’s funding boost shows the province understands there is a problem and is working toward some solutions. Now the federal government needs to get on board and show its support for creating a justice system that serves all Canadians, not just wealthy Canadians.
— Gail J. Cohen
I'm surprised that the funding of community legal aid clinics, where no legal aid certificate is required, but the kind of cases of the poor which the clinics may take-on, are restricted to the government's particularizing mandate. Noting the differences between the two systems, and noting how the pay-for lawyers have backed away from the poor (see Cohen above), and noting what a University Avenue lawyer charged me for meagre work on a bureaucratic snafu in a govt agency (I didn't want money from the agency) that was injurious to me; I think we need to see the whole system.

Not just the pl+t of the pay-for attorneys who are suffering so badly from financial constraints, they whine continuously against the rate of remuneration resulting from taking on legal aid certificates. I think all lawyers and medical doctors should have to continue a certain amount of their workweek (averaged out seasonally, say) in service to the poor and working poor (one day a week, say). But why I think so--in my milieu of Toronto, Ontario, Canada--would require much more lengthy a discussion.

Of course, there are lawyers who work on cases brawt by people of "moderate income" by affiliation to a community legal clinic which pays their salaries, neibourhood legal clinics also being funded by Ontario Legal Aid here. And, of course, before such arrangements existed, a number (probably small) of middleclass and upwards by an income measurementm genuinely offered pro bono legal services to lower-middle and low income people. But a lot of misdirection can lurk under what lawyers call "pro bono (for good, for free instead of pay-for). Taking on a case for free is not what I'm focussing on, insofar as it's only a form of advertizing to the client who is on the way to becoming a lucrative source of income for the lawyer and his/her law firm.

With the increasing income gap, lawyers and medical doctors must be brawt out of their isolated worlds to work across the culture gap that the income gap produces. Justice should be more available to the poor thru the relatively-small portion of time all lawyers (and medical doctors) should be required to devote. There would be some technical problems to making such arrangements, of course. Law has differentiated into numerous specializations, some of which can be quite lucrative and contribute to the growing income gap. But an accounting lawyer could go over to the legal clinic or community center once a week to help homeless, welfare recipients, and disabled get their income documentation and finances in order. This would be part of every lawyer's job, a factor the fulfilling of which would be a required for continued qualification to practice law in the jurisdication.

Please understand that I am not advocating socialism, as outside the stipulated proportionate free service at a legal clinic or community centre, lawyers would still be able to devote the lion's share of their time to becoming the multimillionaires for which many of them dream. A different structure of the obligatory facet of their profession may just give them authentically richer dreams for the good of all, for good, pro bono.

Tuesday, March 27, 2007

Politics: Canada: Quebec shaken by Mario's ADQ gains

Quebec's electorate kicked out the provincial Liberal Party leader; he retained his pants but he lost his seat in the National Assembly (as Quebec's provincial parliament calls itself, eschewing the French-originated word "parliament" but hot instead for the semiotically- and emotionally-laden French term "national"). Not only did Lib leader Jean Charest get tossed in his own riding, his party floundered along with him. Quebec's Libs remain the party with the most votes and will form the new government (a minority govt, of course), having lost 24 seats out of 125 total, descending from 72 to only 48 seats. There are many holes in the pants of the prov Lib body politics in la belle province.

Where did these votes go? Largely, they flocked to the shepherd of a unique r+twing party, Action democratique de Quebec (ADQ), led by Mario Dumont who, in this his third campaign saw the party he founded rise from only 5 seats now to 41. That's a 36-seat gain. "Officially, Jean Charest is still premier. But starting today, the real boss is Mario Dumont," wrote columnist Vincent Marissal in the La Presse daily (via Reuters Canada), saying the ADQ's inexperienced team of legislators would have time to learn the ropes before the next election. Minority governments in Canada usually last about 18 months."

In this sudden and breath-taking rise, Mario (as he's called--only two other Quebec political leaders were referred to by their first names, Rene (Levesque) and Lucien (Bouchard), both of them separatists. Mario on the other hand, is no separatist, but neverthrless a strong "autonomist" both for Quebec firmly within Canada, and for the regions within Quebec, as in town-and-country areas citizens don't want to be ruled by the political elite that has held Quebec City, nor by the cultural elite that rules the flow of ideas in the French-language, from Montreal.

Reuters Canada reports on Dumont's achievement, short-changing it by calling it a mere "protest vote," but actually it is a basic reorientation of Quebec and particularly its francophone voters across the province.

Dumont and the ADQ tapped into growing public dissatisfaction with old-style politics, which for the last 30 years has seen power [merely] switch from the centrist Liberals to the left-leaning separatist Parti Quebecois (PQ), and back.

"Faced with two parties, each as crippled as the other, he will be the master," wrote Michel David in the daily Le Devoir.

Dumont has promised to cut taxes, reduce the province's C$122 billion in debt and trim government bureaucracy.

Liberal legislators who had won their seats by several thousand votes in the 2003 election were brushed aside by the ADQ, which came very close to taking power.
The PQ, the separatist provincial party, also lost votes to Dumont. It's results were saw its number of seats drastically trimmed, dropping the PQ to "third place with only 36 seats (previously 46) and just 28 percent of the vote ... its worst showing since 1973." The PQ defeat was engineered by its leader Andre Boisclair. A homo, he tried to make this a political asset, flaunting rather than proving himself fastidiously circumspect in all other regards. Many homos took their votes elsewhere, humiliated by Boisclair's antics. Among those were the revelation that while a Minister of a previous PQ govt, Boisclair had indulged in cocaining. His ultra-avantgarde in the PQ imposed a glam boy on the hapless broader stretches of separatists loyalists; these people took just about as much as they could bear. Both the PQ's Boisclar and the Lib's Charest should resign.

Monday, March 26, 2007

Economics: USA: Bernanke-led Fed Reserve signal 'clear as mud,' says MarketWatch

Weekly Roundup of MarketWatch's email newsletter (Mar23,2k7) underscores a semantic battle that has broken out among close monitors of Federal Reserve statements, especially now that the dean of previous FR chairmen, Alan Greenspan is officially out of the picture, and statements come from a board thru FR's present chairman Ben S. Bernanke, Federal Open Market Committee. Says MarketWatch's weekend roundup,

As expected, the Federal Reserve left official U.S. interest rates unchanged at the end of its policy-setting meeting Wednesday. While the Fed left rates alone, it tweaked the statement released with its decision [,] to suggest to some that it was giving up on future rate hikes. That interpretation drove stocks to big gains shortly after the statement was issued. By Thursday, the enthusiasm had cooled, as analysts and investors reassessed what the central bank had meant to say.
Note MR's own misleading phraseology: "released with its decision to suggest to some." Lacking commas, the sentence itself, written by some careless journalist suggests the FR statement intended its thawt to be interpreted one way by some, another way by others. Duplicity is thus inadvertantly, I presume, attributed to the FR/FOMC statement. Sloppy is closer to the truth in regard to the journalist's write-up. The Fed didn't "suggest to some." Rather, some wanted somethng more (or less) than FOMC had in its collective mind. The analysts resisted nuance, they wanted clear marching-orders type of clarity now. The Fed didn't choose to give them any. It didn't tell them whether to buy or sell, but to take a nuanced look at a changing, even sometimes volatile, economic situation.

What is the semantic quarrel now going-on among stock-market analysts and political economists? Economic Times (India) "Bernanke's policy befuddles Wall St economists" (Mar27,2k7) perhaps sums it up best:
NEW YORK: Wall Street is finding that Federal Reserve chairman Ben S Bernanke’s effort to be transparent doesn’t translate into clarity [but, again, of a certain sort-P].

Treasuries rallied on March 21 after the Fed in its latest policy statement deleted language perceived as biased toward higher interest rates. The gains proved fleeting the following day when no consensus view emerged and, instead, Wall Street’s biggest securities firms disagreed over whether the Fed will lower rates as Merrill Lynch predicted, or raise them as Bear Stearns warned its customers.
Another key analysis came earlier last week from Capitol Reports by MR's Rex Nutting, "Did the Fed change anything?--Analysis: Did Bernanke move to neutral, or just flub his communications?" (Mar21,2k7)
U.S. stock markets rallied late Wednesday after the Federal Open Market Committee released its policy statement, with [some] strategists pointing to a change in one sentence in the statement as a signal that the Fed is no longer predisposed to raising rates.
But the rally didn't hold steady over the next several days. In the meantime, another interpretation of the Bernanke / FR / FOMC gathered more strength.
And it's only a slight leap of the imagination to go from a Fed that's completely neutral about where rates are likely to go next to a Fed that's aggressively cutting rates. Nothing would please investors more than lower rates.

But did the Fed actually signal a change in its policy? Is the Fed now neutral about where interest rates are going? Opinions are "mixed," as the Fed likes to say.

Some analysts said that, in response to the weakening of the economy and specifically to the meltdown in the subprime mortgage market, the Fed had effectively removed its "bias" toward tightening monetary policy. The Fed intended to send a signal that help is on the way, and the markets rallied.
Nutting goes on to supply the obvious correction to the over-optimistic and total-neutrality interpretations, quoting Neal Soss, chief U.S. economist for Credit Suisse, then he shifts over to end-up blaming the Bernanke team for "bad communication."
"It's not a totally neutral posture," Soss continued, "It's 'bias lite' [in favour of acting foremost against inflation]."

But others say the committee flubbed its communication. In this view, FOMC is still fixated on inflation as the main risk, even as it acknowledged that risks of a severe slowdown are growing. Some members of the committee had argued in the past for a more neutral statement, one that mentioned the possibility of rate cuts as well as rate hikes, so this could just be a bone thrown to a small minority on the committee. If that's so, then the Fed got too cute in its wording, and markets misinterpreted the changes as a sign of a significant switch in policy.

"The new statement certainly marks a baby step toward the easing that so many market participants expect later this year, but we would view it as a modest concession to doves that is unlikely to mean much going forward," wrote Stephen Stanley, chief economist for RBS Greenwich Capital.
It seems to me that Bernanke and FOMC said exactly what they meant and that the analysts on both sides of the semantic quarrel are projecting onto the statement what they would like or would not like to hear.

In short, the immediately foremost problem continues to be inflation, but not such that it requires a raise in interest rates at the moment; rather, the economy is slowing down every so slowly, to the extent that raising rates would contribute to the slowly-already-occurring slowdown. To head-off that eventuality, it may be necessary soon enuff to lower interest rates and allow easier loaning. It was the cheap, easy, and unwarranted loans on mortgages by lenders all too ready to foreclose on hapless home-owners not able to meet their obligations, that made the US markets vulnerable to the Shanghai Flu. But that's another story.

Saturday, March 24, 2007

Juridics: USA: Reorientation of Supreme Court on racial ratios in schools

USA Today has published an opinion piece by Laura Vanderkam, "Message to high court: 'Get out'" (Mar20,2k7). Vanderkam brings together some descriptive accounts of American school systems that have built up traditions of complying with past Supreme Court decisions, thus opening the way for racial ratios to govern the composition of the student bodies of its schools (and likewise presumably the teaching staffs). The quota-compliance traditions are held in place by democratic votes, most notably in the key instance of the Louisville, Kentucky area's public schools. There, school boards are regularly elected over the years, which support maintaining the 15%-50% quota for black students in every school in the system, so that racial integration is engineered for all schools under that board's jurisdiction (and, incidentally, there are, as a result, no longer any all-black student bodies in Louisville).

Vanderkam claims it works. It works in part because of a broader but more distinctly educational-philosophical position of the school system that structures the studernt learning process around a division-of-labour arrangement among the several schools. Each school offers a different set of course and curriculum options, making each distinct on a basis other than neiborhood location or the specific racial demographic configuration of that neibourhood. The whole arrangement is built around the concept of "magnet schools." Thus, each school has a reason for bringing into its student body (on the basis of each student's chosen interests) numerous students not from its immediate neibourhood, yet of course all from within the one system loaded with distinctive magnet schools.

But this more recently has created an apparent reorientation among jurists, and apparently also among the Justices of the Supreme Court of the USA (SCOTUS, as the court is nicknamed). "Judicial restraint has been a guiding conservative principle. ‘Activist judges,’ after all, are rooted in the liberal camp. But an upcoming Supreme Court decision on school desegregation might turn conservative jurisprudence on its head." Vanderkam suggests the possiblity that "conservative jurisprudence" may become activist in order to counter the democratic tradition of imposing the 15%-50% black student ratio in all schools (of course, I'm citing the Louisville case as a kind of model here; a related case from the Seattle, Wasington schools will have other particulars regarding ratios). That means, of course, no school can be all black; nor any all white (leaving aside for this discussion the very probable presence in the system and its schools of students of yet other races -- Asian, American Indian ...).

Bussing of students simply to achieve "racial balance," including the determination of quotas and ratios, has always had its problems. And continues to do so. Not least of all because it makes all-black schools illegal, as well as all-white schools. But Louisville has obviated the severity of the race-balancing bussing problem in that a superiour and more strictly curricular educational motive has become the priority for the assignment of students to schools outside their immediate neighbourhoods. This means there's a clearly educational motive related to each student's choice of learning goals (the magnet-school concept), and not just the single educational objective of teaching-by-doing inter-racial socialization. The latter easily becomes contestable conceptually because many people (of both the races focussed upon here) disown the value of socialiZation (specifically inter-racial socialization) as a valid objective of schooling as such, especially when prescribed by government schools--tho independent schools necessarily would be free to determine the educational value of inter-racial socialization, or for that matter of inter-gender socialization). Outr+t segregationism would remain illegal in regard to races, but not in regard to genders.

My view is that because Louisville has an explicitly educational motive thru its magnet-schools concept, the racial ratios, democratically continued by the school board's electorate from vote to vote over the years, become far less problematic in constitutional terms (even for a conservative jurisprudence of judicial restraint). The Louisville schools make it possible for black students to opt for their own choice/s among the wide range of curricula available in the school-system as a whole, thus helping to fulfill the chief objective of a school system predicated upon the obviously educational value of curricular diversity, choice, widened horizons--all thru magnet schools.

However, this may not be the case in regard to the Seattle school system. Whether or not "race-mixing" or "inter-racial balancing" or racial quotas/ratios or bussing for the purpose of inter-racial socialization obtains in both Seattle and Louisville, I think SCOTUS should be free, on the prime juridical principle of sphere sovereignty, to approve the Louisville Educational Philosophy (in regard to the points at issue), while at the same time possibly outlawing whatever prevails under the Seattle arrangement (I'm speaking only hypothetically here, assuming that Seattle's schools are not sufficiently organized around the magnet concept with all the implications for diversity of curricula from school to school that flows from it).

Were Seattle relying solely on inter-racial socialization as an educational objective sufficient in itself to justify bussing from neibourhood to neighborhood on the basis of racial quotas/ratios, then that conceivably non-educational motive or, let us say, that policy questionable in regard to its educationality as a prime task of schools, would suffer by comparison with the Louisville Educational Philosophy. Moreover, my hypothetical Seattle approach would certainly be unconstitutional in making an all-black school illegal under the Seattle boar (it would fail also in making an all-white school illegal). Of course, I am not arguing for schools that disqualify the admission of any student based on her or his race. Location of residence may, however, be a legitmate reason for non-admission to a given school, and result in a defacto all black or white or Asian or Native American school--or nearly so, in each case.

A sensitivity to the juridical principle of sphere sovereignty would enable a SCOTUS Justice or an Appeals Court Judge to distinguish among factors like a location-rule and a racial-quota rule, on the one hand, and an explicitly and hardcore educational-philosophical concept like a diverse-curricula objective such as that of a concept of a citywide sytem of magnet schools. At the same time, if a school system does not develop a prevailing magnet system, then the role of location-rules become more apropos, and the role of racial quotas/ratios become less apropos. One thing further, I don't see why in a magnet-school system there could not be room for a school specailly structured in its curriclum to feature black studies, Africa studies, African languages, and to celebrate Black cultural holidays, if the interest is present for such a specialized magnet school within the city's population. Rural school systems may have a smaller capacity in achieving a wide diversity of magnet schools reachable by students day by day.





LOUISVILLE — Here in Jefferson County, Ky., thousands of students recently learned which magnet schools they'll attend next year. With different schools offering everything from Chinese to pre-dentistry, the application process always gets kids excited.


Some of Jefferson County's schools take mostly neighborhood kids. Some look at grades. Some also look at the student's race — a fact that could have ramifications far beyond Louisville. After a long history of court-ordered desegregation, the elected school board has decided, voluntarily, that most schools' enrollments should be 15%-50% black.

Most students get their first choice. Some don't. A few years ago, a mom named Crystal Meredith wanted to transfer her son to a different school. Because this would have left his first school with too few white students, the district denied the request. After much back and forth, Meredith's son wound up in his desired school. The problem seemed to go away. Nevertheless, Meredith has sued the schools for considering race at all, and last summer, the U.S. Supreme Court decided to hear the case (bundled with a Seattle one). A ruling is expected this spring, leaving a question mark over this year's enrollment process.

Shifting principles?

After oral arguments, many observers believe that the court's new conservative majority is poised to overturn Louisville's solution to the tough issues of race and education. That wouldn't be a victory for democracy or local control — things that judges favoring "judicial restraint" cherish. Though conservatives have fought for years to fill the Supreme Court with restrained judges, the Meredith case could undermine the philosophy in one blow.

Like many cities, Louisville greeted Brown v. Board of Education, the 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation unconstitutional, with fear. Unlike many cities, though, Louisville tried to comply.

Superintendent Omer Carmichael had been drawing up plans and by fall 1956, 55 of the city's 75 schools had mixed student bodies. This happened peacefully, which led Carmichael to write a book, The Louisville Story, about this "triumph — of man's ability to solve some of his most vexing problems with reason and goodwill."

The problem, however, did not stay solved. A generous transfer policy and segregated neighborhoods meant that by 1957, only 5,630 of Louisville's 12,010 black students attended schools with any white children. White flight to the county schools increased tensions.

In 1975, Kentucky ordered the merger of the Louisville schools with Jefferson County's schools, and a judge ordered a desegregation plan. Students would be bussed based on the first letters of their last names.

It was a harsh solution, and that fall, Louisville boiled. Eventually, the protests ended. But white families kept leaving. So in the '80s and '90s, the school board moved to a system of magnet schools and managed choice to lure people back. DuPont Manual High School, for instance, decided to offer dozens of Advanced Placement classes.

In 2000, a judge ruled that the district could be released from previous court orders. But the school board, reading community sentiment that diversity had become a good thing, decided to keep most schools 15%-50% black. They read right. School board members who support the 15%-50% target keep getting re-elected.

In other words, after a long struggle, Louisville has a school system that parents vote for at the polls and by enrolling their kids.

Usually, conservatives think that local, democratic solutions beat court-ordered ones. In Planned Parenthood v. Casey, a 1992 Supreme Court abortion case, Justice Antonin Scalia penned a dissent praising this judicial restraint.

'We have no right'

"By foreclosing all democratic outlets for the deep passions this issue arouses...the Court merely prolongs and intensifies the anguish," he wrote. "We should get out of this area, where we have no right to be, and where we do neither ourselves nor the country any good by remaining."

In December 2005, when Justice Sandra Day O'Connor was still on the Supreme Court, the justices gave their support for democratic solutions by declining to hear a case from Lynn, Mass., like Meredith's. With the addition of President Bush's new justices, though, the court changed course. Scalia scoffed in oral arguments at statistics showing local support. "Nobody is going to say 'give me a lily-white school,' " he said.

In other words, when it comes to race, judicial restraint goes out the window.

Some conservatives offer explanations. Abortion isn't mentioned in the Constitution; race is. But schools aren't mentioned at all. Louisville allows appeals; no one is denied due process. The constitutional reasoning for forbidding the use of race in enrollment is unclear. That's why local elections, where "deep passions" can be released, minimize the anguish.

But many conservatives, politically, don't like racial balancing programs. Because they sometimes lose, politically, on this issue, they've taken to the courts — precisely what proponents of judicial restraint complain that liberals do. Some conservative voices put principle over politics.

In the Seattle case that accompanied the Louisville one, Reagan-appointee Alex Kozinski of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals noted that "there is much to be said for returning primacy on matters of educational policy to local officials." School systems have already endured much when it comes to liberal court meddling; conservatives have fought too long to rein in activist courts to abandon that philosophy for one political win.

"This community is trying to do the right thing," says Carol Haddad, a school board member in Louisville. "That ought to say a lot to the Supreme Court."

Namely, as Scalia once said, that there is virtue in choosing to "get out."
It's a knotty set of problems, but I think the sphere sovereignty of a school for the purpose of educating the young should prevail as the over-ruling principle. Louisville seems to have done something wonderful and unique, in an imperfect world, where a priority has to be achieved as to what are the driving and guiding factors that colour the entire institution. It all depends on how a citywide school system answers the question What is a school?

UN: Iran: UN's Security Council votes unanimously to impose the complete set of sanctions on Iran

CNN reports in breaking news (Mar24,2k7 posted EDT 4:00pm) the final outcome for Iran on its nuclear project:

UNITED NATIONS (CNN) -- The U.N. Security Council voted unanimously Saturday to impose new sanctions on Iran because of its refusal to suspend its uranium enrichment program.

Western nations, including the United States, contend Iran is using the project to develop nuclear weapons, but Iran says the program will only be for civilian use.

The new measures follow a resolution adopted December 23 that prohibited trade with Iran in nuclear materials and ballistic missiles. It also froze assets of individuals and institutions involved in Tehran's nuclear programs.
Friday, just before the day of the vote, Iran's Revolutionary Guard Navy intercepted 2 British swiftboats with their 15 Brit sailors and marines who had boarded an auto smuggling ship in a disputed location, either in Iraqi wars or Iranian. Today, following the unanimous UN SC vote, Iran is claiming that the Brit military personnel have confessed to trespassing.

Regarding the Revolutionary Guard element, the reports, to my mind, suggest that perhaps a rogue faction or the dominant party in the RG has used the Brit anti-smuggling operation as an excuse to make its own statement regarding the UN's then-only-proposed-now-enacte4 sanctions against top commanders of the RG, among others similarly sanctioned. refWrite earlier this month (May16,2k7) carried the stunning report by Mohsen Sazegara, a co-founder of the Guard, as to its expansion and thirst for power within and outside Iran. (After a time in prison in Iran, this scholar escaped the country and now is a researcher at Harvard.)
The sanctions, agreed on last week by the six Security Council countries with veto powers, would ban Iranian arms exports and freeze the assets of 28 additional individuals and organizations involved in Iran's nuclear and missile programs. About a third of those are linked to the Revolutionary Guard, an elite military corps.

The resolution also calls for a voluntary travel embargo on Iranian officials and Revolutionary Guard commanders.
That both Russia and China joined in making the new sanctions unanimous, however, makes them less than fully credible. Especially in the case of China. Perhaps that is the clue to disciphering the obscure terminology of "a voluntary travel embargo." For now, I take that to mean each nati8on must decide for itself whether or not to impose the travel embargo, those who do bother to impose it now at least are not violating the "spirit of the sanctions." And Western diplomacy can work on bringing more and more countries to titen the travel embargo, which is expected to cramp the style of many of the Iranian leaders on the list.

As a matter of abstract principle, I don't think Iran should be denied the use of peaceful nuclear power, any more than any other nation. However, the Security Council with this second round of sanctions has made it clear that Iran is not trusted to restrict itself to peaceful uses. Further, the shadow of a nuclear-armed Iran would have a crippling effect on the independence of the Gulf States, who would continue only on the sufferance of the Persian Menace. For the Gulf States, there is for the most part also a sectarian differential between their Sunni heritage and the now-aggressive Shia heritage of Iran. The Gulf States don't want to be bullied by a nuclear-armed neibour dominated by Persian (Farsi) -speaking Shia.

Friday, March 23, 2007

Economics: Canada: Ontario budget 2007, some thawts

While both Toronto Mayor David Miller and Ontario's Premier Dalton McGuinty registered their vexations with the new Canadian Federal Budget (which apparently will be passed into law due to the support of its sponsoring party the minority-govt Conservatives plus one of the opposition parties--namely, the separatist Bloc Quebecois (because the Budget is good for Quebec)--nevertheless, McGuinty's Finance Minister Frank Sobara welcomed what Ontario could get and this week introduced a new provincial budget. Kate Howlett reports, "Property tax reform underlined in Ontario budget--Sorbara lays out $91.2-billion fiscal plan with heavy focus on child poverty" (Mar22,2k7).

TORONTO — Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty's government released a campaign-style budget yesterday that targets homeowner anger over skyrocketing property taxes and child poverty, while reining in spending on most other programs in an effort to inject a dose of prudence into the province's books.

The centrepiece of the Liberal government's fourth and final budget before the Oct. 10 provincial election is new social program spending aimed at giving the 1.3 million children growing up in low-income families a better start in life. The new child benefit program will see $2.1-billion flow to disadvantaged families over the first five years, with the lion's share of the funding earmarked for 2009 and beyond. The program would allow parents to move off welfare rolls without losing financial support for their children.

It's very much worth reading the Howlett article in full. A more critical view is offered by Toronto's Miller. Mayor Miller "... slams Ontario budget--Province refusing to pay its bills and 'upload' social services, mayor says" by Jeff Gray (Mar23,2k7) Globe&Mail.

But, in contrast to the Mayor, I'm isolating the new child benefit program, while noting that the "New Ontario Child Benefit for low-income families [is] worth up to $250 a child this year...." Together with the Fed Budget's provision for each child income-tax-paying parents (middle-class), we see that aggregately families with kids are being helped, small increment by small increment. The Ontario Libs have presented a plan they want written into law with approval of the budget (they have grand majority in the provinicail Legislative Assembly) that would keep adding increatements over 5 years--all so that parents will receive "$1,100 by 2011."

Taken together, the Conservs Fed child-benefits added to Ontario's (and, of course, to child-benefits further enacted by the 10 other provinces) indicates a new demographic awareness: Canada's mainly white population will be having more babies and less abortions due to this promised added support for more kids, which means that future care-givers of the burgeoning, mainly-white, aging population will not experience as extreme a differential in the racial composition of the care-giving workforce. This is important to avoid the extremities of a generalized societal picture where the hugest number of the aged belong to one racial-colour configuration, while the care-givers belong quite visibly to another. I do think that people of other racial/ethnic/colour configurations will also be having more babies and fewer abortions than otherwise would be the case were there no increment at all in the Federal/Ontario model. Of course, I am extending hypothetically that model to the entire country. As the Ontario figure w0uld climb over the next five years to $1,100 a child, so by extension would the Canada-born birthrate climb both in the middleclass and among the poor.

Now, it must be quite aside from the overall demographic implications of the Ontario Lib plan, and also aside from the earlier child-benefit announced by the Conserv govt and targetted to the middleclass in order to compensate for their heavier taxation to pay down the Fed debt, that contrastingly the Ontario Libs have no plan to pay down the provincial debt. A year-old Ontario webpage on fiscal management says. "The province’s total debt is projected to be $154.7 billion as of March 31, 2006. " That debt feature of the Ontario budget 2k7-2k8 does neither Ontario's present kid population nor those to be born under the increased 5-year plan of Child Benefits, any good.

Finally today, there's the quintessential complexity of Canadian political economy centered around tax-revenue-sharing by the Fed govt with the provinces, a mechanism often used by the Feds (Libs especially when in office) to control the terms of various programs actually conducted (in accord with the Fed Constitution) by the various prov govts. These days, the whole question of tax-revenues re-distributed by the Fed treasury to the provinces but unequally (what criterion for provincial "equality"? a province's raw population number?), has come to travel under the term "Fiscal Imbalance." The Conserve budget made an effort to start rectifying the imbalance, but leaders in every province I've heard about this past week, have screamed "not enuff."

Nevertheless, Ontario's Libs had become hugely well-positioned (just days after the Conserv Fed Budget) to use the recent Fed allocations to Ontario as a factor enabling the Lib prov budget with its initial $250 per child plus a 5-yr plan, again, to bring the numbers up to "$1,100 by 2011." The Fed Conservs get some credit for this prov Lib move, as do the Libs of course.

More on the two budgets, later.