Juridics Rwanda: Theo Bagosora, Chief of Staff, in Defense Ministry during Rwanda massacre, gets lifetime jail

A colonel and chief of staff for Rwanda's defense ministry, Theoneste Bogosora, was finally convicted after a 5 year-long trial in nearby country of Tanzania, convicted by an international court set-up for the purpose. The criminal tribunal did not find the culprit guilty of a "planned ...extermination from the beginning," reports Chris McGreal, "'Enemies of humanity' jailed for war crimes," Guardian, Dec19,2k8.

The man accused of masterminding the 1994 Rwanda genocide, Theoneste Bagosora, was jailed for life by an international court yesterday as prosecutors described his conviction as the most significant since Nuremberg.

Bagosora, 67, a former colonel who was the chief of staff in Rwanda's defence ministry, was convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes at the end of a five-year trial after judges found that he used the military and an extremist Hutu militia to kickstart the massacre of about 800,000 Tutsis in 100 days.

There are many things that don't add up to this day about the Rwandan genocide. The campaign of Barack Obama made much of the genocide in Darfur, Sudan, noting the USA was remiss in not ending it; but he made no mention of Rwanda's genocide in 1994 which the US did nothing about, presumably because of the hotly-won policy of the Black Congressional Caucus that America should no longer intervene in African matters, even wars and genocides. It was this policy that Clinton followed into inaction.

Because now genocide has been officially defined as a cause for intervention (such interventions are rather limited to Western governments) with very heavy sanctions, Western and any other states possibly ready to act, are cautioned--due to the circumstances of UN policy and the collateral agreements states have entered into for the purpose of prevention. Thus, generally, little or nothing stops the killers or delays the intervention until the victims are dead on a vast scale.

Politicarp

Juridics USA: Here's some Google Reader selections from our publisher

Lawt

Politics Greece: Universities hub of anarchist revolutionary surge among students

Athens Polytechnic University today serves as a hub for revolutionary anarchists leading the violent students protests there, according to Nicole Itano, "A Sanctuary for dissent in Greece?" (CSM, Dec15,2k8).

As Greeks try to make sense of the chaos – and prepare for another week of protests, ranging from sit-ins to nationwide roadblocks – many here are beginning to ask whether the asylum law is protecting free speech or simply harboring criminals.

"The university asylum is for the freedom of movement of ideas, but not of commitment of criminal actions," says George Bergeles, a professor at the Polytechnic who is sympathetic to the students' complaints, but not their harsh tactics. "The law about university asylum I believe is a fantastic achievement of the university movement, but we should protect it by not allowing criminal offenses to happen inside."

The Polytechnic holds historic importance for Greeks. In November 1973, students barricaded themselves inside in rebellion against the country's military junta, which had been in power since 1967. Fearful that the revolt would spread, on Nov. 17 the national police moved in with tanks, killing a still-disputed number of protesters.

The revolutionaries have no goal of replacing one government with another, as they are led apparently by anarchists. The week-long revolution began as a protest against the death of a student shot by a policeman.

Economics USA: Half a million lost jobs in November 2008

In what seems to be the largest figure for job losses since the Seventies among American workers --533,000 across the month of November -- translates to an unemployment rate of 6.7% of the workforce.

This month, the figure and rate will probably rise (at least marginally). Were that not sufficient a problem in itself, we must also keep in mind that people going thru job loss are likely to be "the lowly borrower at risk of foreclosure" as well. Christian Science Monitor's Mark Trumbull article "Housing: the key to economic survival" (Dec12,2k8) lays out the landscape:

The problem reached a stark milestone last week, as the Mortgage Bankers Association reported that 1 in 10 mortgage holders is either in foreclosure or at least a month late on payments.

President-elect Obama, the Democratic-controlled Congress, and the independent Federal Reserve are all considering new ways to stabilize the housing market.

But attention has already turned away from the loan defaulters, especially those trying to keep up with their monthly payments (mortgaged home-owners), political attention re-focusing itself on a bailout of the "Big Three" American-owned automakers. The specific kind of jeopardy that goes with a jobless worker losing a house, is not identical to that of an autoworker losing a job but getting bailed out in some fashion or other (compensation for early retirement and other schemes to reduce the workforce of Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler).

A few days earlier, "Ouch! Borrowers Keep Defaulting After Mortgage Modification" by John Carney (Dec8,2k8, ClusterStock via Yahoo! Finance) reports:

36% of borrowers who had their loans modified in the first two quarters of 2008 re-defaulted after just 3 months. After six months, the redefault rate was roughly 56%. After eight months, 58% of borrowers re-defaulted.

These three inter-related trends are not going to reverse themselves, or shift into reversal as a result of government action in the short run.

Economix

Politics: Pakistan moves against terrorist leader of Mumbai slawter

The ignominious name of slawter-mastermind Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi has been added to the list of terrorist leaders cawt!--in Pakistan! This development is extremely important to note, in that the organization which conducted the Mumbai, India, mass-slawter operation a week ago, has up until now been untouchable by the Pakistan govt. Untouchable because that org, Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), was sponsored by Pakistan's military intelligence (ISI). Altho it was banned two years ago, many well-informed sources believe that LeT continues to be supported by at least an element in ISI, Pakistan's only intelligence unit, which is firmly embedded in the nation's military forces.

Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi

The photo and the title link reference the story by AP's Chris Brummit with writers Munir Ahmad in Islamabad, Roshan Mughal in Muzaffarabad and Sam Dolnick in New Delhi, India. No photographer is mentioned by AP.

Politicarp

Economics: Tech firm Cisco pioneers new internal business structure

Under the bizarre headline, "Is Republican John Chambers Turning Socialist?," Sarah Lacey (Yahoo!Finance, Dec8,2k8), almost manages to report a major change going on at the Cisco corporation in regard to its internal business structure. This is what happens when reporters and general public are ignorant of the different types of business structures that are possible, including especially, those types more likely to be assisted in a successful differentiation under presentday tech-innovative digital-info conditions. Such conditions characterize much contemporary business and organizational existence.

Better than the snapshot textual report, Yahoo!Finance also carries a h+ly informative interview on video.



Variant business structural models do not tell us anything about socialism vs capitalism. The term "socialism" has been bandied about much these days, by people who think a stark either/or explanation based on single possibles on each side of the binomial setup (vs.) is sufficient to gain quality knowledge of the subject at hand, and many other subjects as well. Using binomial logic here is strategy of (poor quality) reasoning that only covers-over an analysis of the several types of business structures. In this case, the types are either already extant or, thru historical innovation, are possible to be brawt into reality. For the purpose of an accurate typology, the existents must be mapped with more than two options among types. Differentiation of business-structure types is happening at Cisco (the macro-process of historical differentiation of spheres of society and human relationships has been argued well by philosopher Herman Dooyeweerd).

Today, sometimes the Bush-Obama bailouts are called "socialism," but the better word for the type of relation of government to enterprises, in this case, would rather be "corporatism" (where there are no free enterprises, and society as a whole thru the state is the overall body (corpus), while the non-free enterprises within it and thus are under state control (as, say, limbs of the body politic)--the kind of arrangements variously installed by Fascists and Nazis (think of Volkswagen).

But the present American experiment isn't anywhere near a full-fledged corporatism. It's, rather, quasi-corporatist, definitely not socialist, and in either case has nothing to do with the Cisco business internal-structure model or management approach. Cisco is a capitalist business enterprise; has not received any bailout; delivers a portion of its profits as dividends to stockholders; and evidences a good fit between its product line and its innovative management style. In comparison, much corporation leadership seems regressive, witness the banks and financial bandits today who are incapable of innovating sufficiently well to risk a transformation from one type of capitalist-management approach to another more-advanced capitalist-management approach.

That is not to say most American enterprises who use the more historical approaches are, therefore, regressive. Not so, by my estimates. But the leading mortgage, banking, insurance, investment houses, and native auto companies in the USA, receiving or begging for bailouts, are going the corporatist route. All this is due to their poor management as free enterprises, lack of appropriate regulation both internally and by govt agencies for that purpose, and resistance to the proper route toward restructuration--namely, bankruptcy.

EconoMix

Terror: How the Pakistani extremists entered Mumbai, and the aftermath

We reported the recent Mumbai terror earlier (Nov26 refWrite blog entry), and now in the title link we are able to convey the spooky, movie-like opening of the story, how the operatives from Pakistan came ashore in Mumbai's commercial capital (Keith Bradshaw "Armed teams sowed chaos with precision," Nov28,2k8, NYT).

The takeover and then the counter-seige of India's commandos took three days, ending Saturday morning (Nov28), as detailed by Somini Sengupta and Keith Bradshaw (same date, NYT):

Soldiers were still combing the [Taj Mahal] hotel, going room to room in search of remaining gunmen, but the siege appeared finally to have ended, J. K. Dutt, director general of the National Security Guard, an elite commando force, said in the news conference at 9 a.m. Firefighters were permitted to begin pouring water over the flames that had burned out of control in the hotel’s lower floors for as much as an hour while the commandos battled the terrorists.

It was the third day of a siege that has shaken India, raised tensions with neighboring Pakistan and prompted questions about the failure of the authorities to anticipate the tragedy or to react swiftly enough as it unfolded.

Also under assault, adding up to a total of 10 sites, was the Oberoi hotel, the Leopold café, and Nariman House (a hospitality center maintained by a Hasidic Orthodox group serving the 4,000-10,000 Jews of India and, of course, Jews visiting Mumbai from anywhere around the world). The assault on the House was thwarted from above, when Indian commandos rapelled down on ropes from helicopters onto/into the House, already on Thursday, clearing it out before the Taj could be cleaned out--which took another fateful day.

Yet, as soon as I heard that Nariman House was a Jewish site, I felt earlier speculation that the attackers might be extremist Hindus, whose leading badmouther, Narendra Modi, had arrived outside the Taj to stir the throng against the government; I neverthless discarded the notion that blame here belongs to Hindu far-out politics (SS, "Crisis may shift India's political landscape," Nov28,2k8). India's nationalist Hindu extremists do not seem to be fixated against Jews, not purveyors of anti-Judaism: yet certainly they are anti-Islamic. Most of India's (1.3 billion) Hindu population, hopefully, are neither anti-Jew nor anti-Muslim. But some Hindus are vociferously anti-Islam. Since India's general population is 1.3 billion, we should note that Hindus constitute 80.4%, Muslims 13.4%, Jews 0.4%. [After Muslims, Christians are the largest community (2.3%), and while seeming also to be statistically insignificant, a process of persecution has been underway against them by Hindu extremists, now for sometime.] My statistics are from Wikipedia.

India: terror in Mumbai

What has emerged since the Terror at the Taj is simply that the attackers were anti-India, Islamic extremists from Pakistan and perhaps Kashmir. It is said that there were only 10 terrorists, but that figure seems based on the count of the eye-witness of the original landing at the dock, and is probably true about that group. Nevertheless, the figure 10 seems definitively settled, "India faces reckoning as terror toll eclipses 170 (SS & KB, Nov29,2k8, NYT):

The police chief in Mumbai, Hasan Gafoor, said nine gunmen were killed, the last of whom fell out of the terrace of the Taj Hotel on Saturday morning as the siege ended. ... A man who is suspected to be the 10th gunman was arrested; the police say he is a 21-year-old Pakistani, Ajmal Amir Kasab.

Already, Kasab seems to be spilling his guts, at least to some extent.

However, days before the Mumbai terror, from Pakistan Daily via UPI, came word that India's extremist Hindus are not at all sublimely pacifist. "India shocked by discovery of 1st Hindu terror cell" (unsigned, Nov23,2k8).

Returning to our main theme of the Mumbai assault, Kasab is a Pakistani Muslim and an operative of LET, which works out of the Muslim majority population of Kashmir, struggling ostensibly for Kashmir's independence and definitely in active hostility toward India. "5 Lessons from the deadly Mumbai terrorist attacks," Alex Kingsbury (Dec1,2k8, US News & World Report):

While it's too early to know for sure how many terrorists were involved in the three-day shooting spree in Mumbai, counterterrorism officials in the United States and India are already sifting through the evidence in search of clues.

A Pakistan-based militant group, Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure), or LET, is the top suspect in the three-day terrorist rampage that left more than 170 people dead, U.S. officials say. "While it's too early to jump to any final conclusions on who may have been responsible for the Mumbai attacks, there are some solid indications that people associated with [LET] were involved," says one U.S. counterterrorism official.

The brazenness of the incident combined with its potential to destabilize the region already has the counterterrorism world searching for lessons learned.

I'm sure we'll soon hear more about Kasab and LET.

Update (Dec4,2k8):

TIME mag's Simon Robinson outlines 4 terrorist networks possibly involved

US backs India's claim against Pakistan intelligence agency (ISI)

Politicarp

Pisteutics & Culture: Here comes Merry ol' Christmas

Yesterday was the first Sunday of Advent 2008, the annual liturgical season that ends Christmas Eve. We Christians are celebrating the First Coming of Jesus Christ, Christmas Day itself celebrates the Incarnation, God becoming flesh in the body of Jesus, beginning with the Feast of the Nativity. Advent's weeks coincide with Mother Mary's pregnancy during which many related events of the Bible story have their own celebrations during the overall lead-up time. Where Christians are numerous in relation to the general population, Advent and Nativity are also celebrated outside the Church, in public, for the whole world to see. Already in Toronto, l+tes are up on certain festival-oriented streets and on many homes. As Advent proceeds, some streets in this metropolis will experience a steady stream of slow-moving automobiles touring to catch a glimpse of the most brilliantly decked-out lit-up homes.

Then there's the stores, and the consumers so bent on purchasing that this year one Wal-Mart store opened its doors only to experience a consumer trampled to death by other onrushing consumers. But aside from that exceptional mayhem, with a vigourous Hat Tip to Steve Bishop, the cultural uptake of the liturgical events of Christmas afford comparisons with the economic aspect of the culture as it impinges on these faith-chosen days of Winter. Steve's post from YouTube prompted me to follow suit (of course, not that Steve wears suits):



Merry Christmas and clean water to all,
Owlb